Permissions

Linux sudo command

Run an approved command with elevated privileges. Check the command before confirming.

Availability: Common Linux commands; shell built-ins and external implementations may differ by distribution.中文

Syntax

sudo [OPTION]... COMMAND [ARGUMENT...]

Examples

Run a read-only service status check with elevated privileges.

sudo systemctl status ssh

Run id as the www-data account.

sudo -u www-data id

Parameters, options and clauses

Option / clause	Description
`-u USER, --user=USER`	Run the command as USER.
`-g GROUP, --group=GROUP`	Run the command with GROUP as the primary group.
`-i, --login`	Start a login shell as the target user.
`-s, --shell`	Run the configured shell as the target user.
`-l, --list`	List allowed commands or privileges.
`-k`	Invalidate cached credentials.
`-v`	Refresh the credential timestamp without running a command.

Safety note

Review a command and its target before running it. Commands that alter files, services, accounts, disks, permissions or databases may be difficult to reverse. Test in a safe environment and keep backups.

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