Basics
Linux pwd command
Print the full path of your current working directory.
pwd [-L | -P]Open guide Common Linux commands
Search 56 commonly used Linux commands with syntax, options, examples and manual links.
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56 entries
Basics
Linux ls command
List files and folders. Add flags to show hidden files and details.
ls [OPTION]... [FILE]...Open guide Basics
Linux cd command
Move to another directory. Use “cd -” to return to the previous one.
cd [-L | -P] [DIRECTORY]Open guide Basics
Linux whoami command
Print the username associated with the current effective user ID.
whoami [OPTION]...Open guide Basics
Linux id command
Show user and group IDs for the current user or another account.
id [OPTION]... [USER]Open guide Basics
Linux clear command
Clear the visible contents of the terminal screen.
clear [-T TYPE] [-V] [-x]Open guide Basics
Linux history command
Show commands recorded by your shell in the current history list.
history [N] | history [-c] | history [-d OFFSET]Open guide Basics
Linux man command
Open the manual page for a command. Press q to leave the viewer.
man [OPTION]... [[SECTION] PAGE ...]Open guide Files & folders
Linux mkdir command
Create a directory. The -p flag also creates missing parent directories.
mkdir [OPTION]... DIRECTORY...Open guide Files & folders
Linux touch command
Create an empty file, or update an existing file’s modification time.
touch [OPTION]... FILE...Open guide Files & folders
Linux cp command
Copy files. Add -r when copying a directory and its contents.
cp [OPTION]... SOURCE... DESTINATIONOpen guide Files & folders
Linux mv command
Move or rename files and directories.
mv [OPTION]... SOURCE... DESTINATIONOpen guide Files & folders
Linux rm command
Remove files. This does not normally move them to a recoverable trash folder.
rm [OPTION]... FILE...Open guide Files & folders
Linux ln command
Create a link. Use -s to create a symbolic link.
ln [OPTION]... TARGET [LINK_NAME]Open guide Files & folders
Linux stat command
Display detailed metadata about a file or directory.
stat [OPTION]... FILE...Open guide Files & folders
Linux file command
Identify a file’s type by examining its contents and metadata.
file [OPTION]... FILE...Open guide Search
Linux find command
Search a directory tree by name, type, age, and other conditions.
find [STARTING-POINT...] [EXPRESSION]Open guide Search
Linux grep command
Search text for a pattern. Use -R for directories and -n to show line numbers.
grep [OPTION]... PATTERN [FILE...]Open guide Search
Linux locate command
Find paths using a prebuilt filename database; results may need updating.
locate [OPTION]... PATTERN...Open guide Search
Linux which command
Show which executable would run when you enter a command name.
which [-a] NAME...Open guide Text processing
Linux cat command
Print file contents to the terminal or join multiple files together.
cat [OPTION]... [FILE]...Open guide Text processing
Linux less command
Read long text one screen at a time. Search with / and quit with q.
less [OPTION]... [FILE]...Open guide Text processing
Linux head command
Show the first lines of a file; use -n to choose how many.
head [OPTION]... [FILE]...Open guide Text processing
Linux tail command
Show the last lines of a file. Use -f to follow new lines as they arrive.
tail [OPTION]... [FILE]...Open guide Text processing
Linux wc command
Count lines, words, and bytes. Use -l for a line count only.
wc [OPTION]... [FILE]...Open guide Text processing
Linux sort command
Sort lines of text. Add -n for numeric order or -r for reverse order.
sort [OPTION]... [FILE]...Open guide Text processing
Linux uniq command
Report or remove adjacent repeated lines; sort first to group matches.
uniq [OPTION]... [INPUT [OUTPUT]]Open guide Text processing
Linux cut command
Extract selected fields or character ranges from each input line.
cut OPTION... [FILE]...Open guide Text processing
Linux sed command
Transform text streams; this example prints matching lines without editing files.
sed [OPTION]... SCRIPT [FILE]...Open guide Text processing
Linux awk command
Process text by fields and patterns; fields are separated by whitespace by default.
awk [OPTION]... 'PROGRAM' [FILE]...Open guide System administration
Linux ps command
Show a snapshot of processes. This format lists processes for all users.
ps [OPTION]...Open guide System administration
Linux top command
View a live, interactive summary of processes and resource use.
top [OPTION]...Open guide System administration
Linux free command
Display memory use. The -h flag chooses human-readable units.
free [OPTION]...Open guide System administration
Linux df command
Show available and used disk space for mounted filesystems.
df [OPTION]... [FILE]...Open guide System administration
Linux du command
Estimate directory space use. Here, list direct children in readable units.
du [OPTION]... [FILE]...Open guide System administration
Linux uname command
Print system information. The -a flag requests the available details.
uname [OPTION]...Open guide System administration
Linux uptime command
Show how long the system has been running and its load averages.
uptime [OPTION]...Open guide System administration
Linux systemctl command
Inspect or manage systemd services. Service names vary by distribution.
systemctl [OPTIONS...] COMMAND [UNIT...]Open guide System administration
Linux journalctl command
Read systemd journal entries. Use -u to filter by service unit.
journalctl [OPTIONS...] [MATCHES...]Open guide Networking
Linux ip command
Inspect or configure network interfaces, addresses, and routes.
ip [OPTIONS] OBJECT { COMMAND | help }Open guide Networking
Linux ping command
Send diagnostic echo requests to test network reachability.
ping [OPTION]... DESTINATIONOpen guide Networking
Linux ss command
Show socket information. The flags below list listening TCP and UDP ports.
ss [OPTIONS] [FILTER]Open guide Networking
Linux curl command
Transfer data to or from a URL; -I requests response headers only.
curl [OPTION]... URL...Open guide Networking
Linux wget command
Retrieve a file from a URL. Check the source before downloading or running it.
wget [OPTION]... [URL]...Open guide Networking
Linux ssh command
Connect securely to a remote machine using its account and host name.
ssh [OPTION]... [USER@]HOST [COMMAND]Open guide Networking
Linux scp command
Copy files between hosts over SSH. Check both source and destination paths.
scp [OPTION]... SOURCE... TARGETOpen guide Networking
Linux dig command
Query DNS records and inspect the response returned by a DNS server.
dig [@SERVER] NAME [TYPE] [QUERY-OPTIONS]Open guide Archives
Linux tar command
Create or inspect tar archives. This example lists files without extracting them.
tar MODE [OPTION]... ARCHIVE [FILE]...Open guide Archives
Linux gzip command
Compress a file with gzip. By default, the input file is replaced by its compressed form.
gzip [OPTION]... [FILE]...Open guide Archives
Linux zip command
Create a ZIP archive. Add -r when including a directory tree.
zip [OPTION]... ARCHIVE.zip FILE...Open guide Archives
Linux unzip command
List or extract ZIP contents. Inspect untrusted archives before extraction.
unzip [OPTION]... ARCHIVE.zip [FILE...] [-d DIRECTORY]Open guide Archives
Linux xz command
Compress files using xz. The -k flag keeps the original file.
xz [OPTION]... [FILE]...Open guide Permissions
Linux chmod command
Change file permissions. This example grants the owner execute permission.
chmod [OPTION]... MODE FILE...Open guide Permissions
Linux chown command
Change file ownership. Use elevated privileges only when needed.
chown [OPTION]... [OWNER][:[GROUP]] FILE...Open guide Permissions
Linux sudo command
Run an approved command with elevated privileges. Check the command before confirming.
sudo [OPTION]... COMMAND [ARGUMENT...]Open guide Permissions
Linux groups command
Show the groups to which a user account belongs.
groups [USER]...Open guide No matching entries. Try another search.